Simoneprogram和programme真的只有英美国家使用的差异吗？
的有关信息介绍如下：
先放结论: programme是一种比较保守的拼写, 和英语中programme词源的借出语法语的拼写较一致; program则是迁就了英语自己发音习惯的拼写.
programme的最初的源头应该是希腊语的πρόγραμμα, 即πρό (pró) + γράμμα (γράφω [gráphō]+μα名物化), 后来借到拉丁里变成programma; 最后英语里programme最直接来源法语里头的形式是programmé, 英国人现在的正字programme保留了借来时的形态.
而现代英语的音系中单词结尾的塞音一般是不怎么release的, 所以programmé后头的-mé大概就在某些人嘴里挂掉了. 现代之前读什么拼什么的情况是非常多的, 于是programmé这个词就有了program这个野鸡拼写.
至于使用中, 现在英语国家里的主流(U.S., Canada, and Australia)是使用program的:
Publicly funded programs have enabled 1.2 million more children to gain health insurance since 2008. [Washington Post]
They will try different jobs – and maybe different programs – before settling on one. [The Globe and Mail]
It is concerned about the lack of educational and rehabilitation programs in prisons. [Sydney Morning Herald]
英国和新西兰则在除了表示电脑"编程"的义项外以programme为标准:
The Home Office funded-project was set up in April 2007 as part of the government’s wider Prevent counterterrorism programme. [Guardian]
The IMF was on the verge of agreeing a new programme in September to replace a previous $120m facility. [Financial Times]
Over the past few days the programme has been systematically roasted by commentators on all sides. [Telegraph]
表示编程时:
From here, the attacker downloads a program onto the phone that is able to decrypt passwords held on it. [Guardian]
Another program, Maya, is the de facto tool for computer animation, and is used extensively throughout the film industry. [Financial Times]
The freeware solution is a program suite called Videora Converter. [Telegraph]
Ngram Viewer得出的结果:
U.S.
program从20c.初期开始就占有绝对的优势.
U.K.
70s到90s有一段program超过programme的时期, 可能和70s的编程语言的大发展有关系.(1972年C语言面世) 总的来说还是programme占优.
然而由于美国在20c.的美式英语学术霸权的建立, 所有的英语文本中还是使用program较多:
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